![]() ![]() subtilis, whereas coat material first appears on the long axis of the forespore in B. For example, spore-coat assembly begins at the mother-cell-proximal pole of the forespore in B. subtilis, but there are some differences between different strains. cereus group (which includes Bacillus anthracis), sporulation is comparable to that in B. subtilis has been divided into so-called “stages” 0 to VII using electron microscopy. In Bacillus subtilis, sporulation is a developmental pathway in which sequential, compartmentalized gene expression is achieved by interlocking cascades of regulatory factors and morphological cues. cereus can also form dormant spores under extremely adverse conditions, germinating when external environmental conditions are permissible for growth. cereus produces a variety of biofilms that differ in their architecture and mechanism of formation, possibly reflecting an adaptation to various adverse environments. For Bacillus cereus, sporulation or biofilm formation is an effective self-protective behavior used to survive environmental pressures, such as nutrient deficiency, high temperature, high salt, antibiotics, etc. Biofilm formation and sporulation are two different effective survival strategies that enable bacteria to utilize a greater variety of nutrients, endure rapid environmental changes, and resist multiple adverse threats. cereus.īacteria have developed various mechanisms, some not yet known, to adapt and respond to adverse environmental factors during the long course of evolution. This study provides a new insight into the regulatory mechanism of environmental adaptation in bacteria and a foundation for future studies on biofilm formation of B. SpoVG is therefore an important regulator of Spo0A and is crucial for both sporulation and biofilm formation of B. Sporulation and biofilm formation are crucial mechanisms by which bacteria respond to adverse conditions. cereus 0–9 through regulating the transcription level of spo0A. cereus, is located upstream of Spo0A and participates in regulation of biofilm formation of B. SpoVG, an important regulator in the sporulation of B. Further, the results of qRT-PCR and the luminescence intensity of transcriptional fusion strains indicated that spoVG gene deletion could inhibit the transcription of Spo0A. This indicated that spoVG was located upstream of abrB and sinR in the regulatory pathway of B. The phenotypes of these double mutants were congruent with those of the single abrB and sinR deletion strains, respectively, which showed increased biofilm formation. The role of SpoVG in regulating biofilm formation was further explored by deleting the genes abrB and sinR in the Δ spoVG mutant, respectively, generating the double mutant strains Δ spoVGΔ abrB and Δ spoVGΔ sinR. ![]() The transcription levels of two genes closely related to biofilm-formation, sipW and calY, were downregulated in a Δ spoVG mutant. In addition, SpoVG could influence biofilm formation of B. ![]() cereus 0–9, which is identical to that of Bacillus subtilis but differs from that of Bacillus anthracis. ![]() cereus 0–9 in germination medium, SpoVG is crucial for regulating sporulation stage V of B. ResultsĪccording to observation of the sporulation process of B. cereus 0–9 and its mutants were determined to study the functions of the target genes, and the transcription level of the target gene was determined by qRT-PCR. The biofilm production and colonial morphology of B. Transcriptional fusion strains were constructed by overlapping PCR technique, and the promoter activity of the target gene was detected by measuring its fluorescence intensity. We further determined the spore yields and biofilm formation abilities of test strains. cereus 0–9 and its mutants were observed by fluorescence staining method. The gene knockout strains were constructed by homologous recombination, and the sporulation process of B. This study aimed to explore the multiple functions of SpoVG in B. SpoVG, a regulator that is broadly conserved among many Gram-positive bacteria, may help this organism coordinate environmental growth and virulence to survive. Bacillus cereus 0–9, a Gram-positive, endospore-forming bacterium isolated from healthy wheat roots in our previous research, is considered to be an effective biocontrol strain against several soil-borne plant diseases. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
Details
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |